Bitcoin Address Formats — P2PKH, P2SH, Bech32 & Taproot
Bitcoin has several address formats that evolved with the protocol. This reference explains each type, how to recognize it by its prefix, and the testnet equivalents.
Legacy addresses
P2PKH (Pay to Public Key Hash) addresses begin with 1 and are Base58Check encoded — the original Bitcoin address format. P2SH (Pay to Script Hash) addresses begin with 3, also Base58Check, and lock funds to a script hash, commonly used for multisig and for wrapped SegWit.
SegWit and Taproot addresses
Native SegWit addresses use Bech32 encoding and begin with bc1q (witness version 0). Taproot addresses use Bech32m encoding and begin with bc1p (witness version 1). Bech32 and Bech32m are lowercase, include an error-detecting checksum, and generally yield lower transaction fees than legacy formats.
Testnet prefixes
On testnet, legacy P2PKH addresses begin with m or n, and P2SH addresses begin with 2. Bech32 and Bech32m addresses use the tb1 human-readable prefix instead of bc1. Always confirm the network prefix before sending; mainnet and testnet addresses are not interchangeable.
Choosing and recognizing a format
You can identify an address type from its leading characters: 1 for P2PKH, 3 for P2SH, bc1q for native SegWit, bc1p for Taproot. Modern wallets default to Bech32 or Bech32m for lower fees, while accepting the legacy formats for compatibility.
Sıkça sorulanlar
How do I tell Bitcoin address types apart?
By the prefix: 1 is legacy P2PKH, 3 is P2SH, bc1q is native SegWit Bech32, and bc1p is Taproot Bech32m. On testnet, m/n and 2 replace the legacy prefixes and tb1 replaces bc1.
Why do SegWit and Taproot addresses cost less in fees?
Witness data in SegWit and Taproot transactions is discounted when computing the fee-relevant transaction weight, so spends from bc1q and bc1p addresses typically incur lower fees than legacy 1-prefixed spends.
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